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# `git` over `ssh` with `python`

Problem Statement

I am writing a script to automate a `git` repo update. The repo is hosted on a private server and requires `ssh` authentication. I want to use `python` to automate the `git` commands.

Constraints

Solution

Step 1: Generate SSH Key Pair

Generate an `ssh` key pair if one does not already exist. The key pair will be used to authenticate with the `git` server.

bash

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "

This will generate two files: `id_ed25519` (private key) and `id_ed25519.pub` (public key). The public key should be added to the `git` server.

Step 2: Configure SSH Agent

Start the `ssh` agent and add the private key to it.

bash

eval "$(ssh-agent -s)

ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

Step 3: Write Python Script

The `python` script will use the `subprocess` module to run `git` commands. The `ssh` agent must be running and the private key must be added to it before running the script.

python

import subprocess

import os

# Set the SSH_AUTH_SOCK environment variable

os.environ['SSH_AUTH_SOCK'] = '/tmp/ssh-agent.sock'

# Run git commands

subprocess.run(['git', 'clone', ':user/repo.git'])

subprocess.run(['git', 'pull'], cwd='repo')

Step 4: Run the Script

Run the script. The `ssh` agent must be running and the private key must be added to it before running the script.

bash

python script.py

Security Considerations

References

Alternative Approaches

Using `paramiko`

`paramiko` is a `python` library for `ssh` connectivity. It can be used to run `git` commands over `ssh`.

python

import paramiko

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient

ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy)

ssh.connect('', username='git', key_filename='/path/to/private/key')

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('git clone :user/repo.git')

print(stdout.read.decode)

ssh.close

Using `gitpython`

`gitpython` is a `python` library for interacting with `git` repositories. It can be used to run `git` commands.

python

from git import Repo

Repo.clone_from(':user/repo.git', 'repo')

Conclusion

The `subprocess` module is the simplest way to run `git` commands from `python`. The `ssh` agent must be running and the private key must be added to it before running the script. The `paramiko` and `gitpython` libraries offer more control but are more complex to use.